A new species of Eriocaulon (Eriocaulaceae) from Madhya Pradesh, India

Eriocaulon raipurense (Eriocaulaceae) is described and illustrated as a new species from Madhya Pradesh, India. The species is closely allied to E. hamiltonianum but differs in the size and apex of involucral bancts, white-pilose nature of floral bracts and colour of female petals.     

Studies on the formation and stability of a complex between Streptomyces proteinaceous metalloprotease inhibitor and thermolysin.

The effects of certain physicochemical parameters on the formation and stability of a complex between Streptomyces proteinaceous metalloprotease inhibitor (SMPI) and thermolysin were investigated. SMPI had its lowest Ki value at a pH of around 6.5 (similar to the pH dependence of the kcat/K(m) of thermolysin catalysis), reflecting the splitting mechanism of the SMPI inhibition of thermolysin. This Ki increased with an increase in pressure, and in (Ki-1) was almost linear with respect to pressure. The volume of the reaction (delta Vcomp), which is the volume change accompanying enzyme-inhibitor complex formation, was calculated as +8.1 +/- 0.3 mL.mol-1, which has a sign opposite to delta Vcomp for neutral peptide inhibitors and acyl-peptide substrates. The temperature dependence of Ki-1 gave the reaction enthalpy (delta Hcomp) and reaction entropy (delta Scomp) of the complex formation as 34.6 +/- 1.4 kJ.mol-1 and 298 +/- 5 J.mol-1.K-1, respectively. These positive reaction volumes and reaction entropies were related to the electrostatic interactions and ionic strength dependence of Ki which corresponded to the key ionic interaction during complex formation. Complex formation with SMPI stabilized thermolysin against pressure perturbation as observed by the changes in the Trp fluorescence of thermolysin with increasing pressure. Thermal stability, however, was affected very little by complex formation with SMPI. Phosphoramidon, Cbz-Phe-Gly-NH2 and Cbz-Phe also positively affected the pressure-tolerance of thermolysin, in the following order: Cbz-Gly-Phe-NH2 < Cbz-Phe < phosphoramidon. The third compound exhibited stabilizing effects comparable with those of SMPI, which suggests that the interaction between SMPI and thermolysin was localized to the reactive site.